Many Americans are unaware that they could lose access to Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) benefits due to a time-sensitive rule known as the 5-Year Rule.
Whether you’re nearing retirement or already drawing retirement benefits, understanding this rule is critical for protecting your future financial security.
Here’s everything you need to know about how it works, who it affects, and how to stay eligible before it’s too late.
What Is the 5-Year Rule for Social Security Disability?
The 5-Year Rule is part of the Recent Work Test the Social Security Administration uses to determine if you’re eligible for SSDI.
To qualify, you must have worked and paid into Social Security for at least 5 of the last 10 years before becoming disabled. If you haven’t, you may be denied SSDI benefits—even if you’re medically eligible.
This rule ensures that disability benefits are given to people with a recent history of consistent employment.
How Work Credits Are Earned in 2025
Social Security uses a credit system to measure your work history. Here’s how the system works:
| Year | Earnings Needed Per Credit | Max Credits Per Year | Credits Needed for SSDI |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2025 | $1,730 | 4 | 20 (over 10 years) |
So in 2025, you must earn $6,920 in the year to receive all 4 credits. You need a minimum of 20 credits earned within a 10-year window to pass the 5-Year Rule.
Why It Matters for Retirees
This rule can catch many early retirees off guard. Here’s why:
- If you retire early (before full retirement age) and stop working, your eligibility for SSDI begins to expire.
- If you become disabled more than five years after you stop working, you likely won’t qualify for SSDI—even if you worked for decades before.
- SSDI benefits often convert to retirement benefits once you hit full retirement age, but if you become disabled before that point and haven’t worked recently, you may get nothing.
This is especially concerning for people who step back from the workforce in their 50s or early 60s, then suffer a serious illness or injury.
Who Is Exempt from the Full 5-Year Requirement?
There are a few exceptions and considerations:
- Younger workers: If you’re under age 31, you may qualify with fewer credits.
- Blind workers: Special rules apply for individuals who are legally blind.
- Those previously on SSDI: If you were approved for SSDI before and returned to work, you may qualify for Expedited Reinstatement within 5 years if your condition returns.
How to Stay Eligible for SSDI
Here are smart ways to protect your eligibility for SSDI even if you’re planning to retire:
- Work at least part-time to maintain your credits.
- Delay early retirement until you’re sure SSDI won’t be needed.
- Check your Social Security Statement annually to verify your earnings and credits.
- Don’t assume you’re covered forever—eligibility expires!
The Social Security 5-Year Rule is one of the most important and least understood aspects of disability benefits. If you’re nearing retirement and stop working, your access to SSDI could quietly expire—leaving you vulnerable if unexpected health issues arise.
Being aware of this rule and planning around it can be the difference between full support and financial hardship.
Don’t wait until it’s too late—stay informed, stay eligible, and protect your future.
FAQs
What happens if I become disabled after I stop working?
If it’s been more than 5 years since you last worked and paid into Social Security, you may no longer qualify for SSDI—even if your condition is severe.
Can I still get SSDI if I took early retirement?
Possibly. If you’re under full retirement age and meet the 5-Year Rule, you can apply. But if you’ve been out of work too long, you might be ineligible.
Does the 5-Year Rule apply to Social Security retirement benefits?
No. The 5-Year Rule only applies to SSDI. Retirement benefits are based on your total lifetime work credits (typically 40) and aren’t affected by recent work.